Understanding Knee Injuries: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
The knee is one of the most complex joints in the human body, essential for movement and stability. However, due to its intricate structure and constant use, it is highly susceptible to injuries. Whether caused by sports, accidents, ageing or underlying conditions, knee injuries can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. This article explores various knee injury types, their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, including specialised care available at BTMC.
Common knee injuries and causes
Several types of knee injuries can occur, ranging from mild to severe. Some of the most common knee injuries include:
- Ligament injuries:
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury – common in sports with sudden stops or changes in direction.
- Medial Collateral Ligament(MCL) injury – often due to a blow to the outside of the knee or a sudden twisting motion.
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tears – commonly caused by direct trauma to the knee.
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) injury – often caused by a force pushing the knee inward, causing stress on the LCL.
- Meniscus tears – can occur due to sudden twisting or impact, or from gradual wear and tear.
- Patellar fractures – typically caused by direct trauma like a fall or a blow to the knee, or by indirect trauma from a sudden quadriceps (muscles at the front of your thigh) contraction.
- Tendonitis – occurs when the strong cords (tendons) connecting muscles to bones become inflamed, often due to overuse or injury.
- Bursitis – commonly caused by overuse, repetitive motions, or injuries that put pressure on the bursa (a fluid-filled sac that cushions joints)
- Dislocations – typically result from high-impact trauma, such as car accidents, falls from heights, or crush injuries, but can also occur from seemingly minor injuries like twisting the knee or stepping in a hole, especially in individuals with morbid obesity.
- Osteoarthritis – a degenerative condition affecting the cartilage over time.
Acute knee injuries are sudden, often traumatic events causing immediate pain, swelling, and possibly loss of function. Chronic knee conditions like osteoarthritis, however, develop gradually over time due to overuse, repetitive stress, or ageing.
Symptoms of Knee Injuries You Should Not Ignore
Recognising knee injury symptoms early can help in seeking timely medical intervention. Common symptoms include:
- Pain and swelling
- Stiffness and reduced range of motion
- Instability or difficulty bearing weight
- Clicking or locking sensations
- Visible deformities in severe cases
Diagnosis and Tests
Accurate knee injury diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. To achieve this, our team of experienced orthopaedic specialists at BTMC may recommend several knee injury tests, including:
- Physical examination to assess movement and pain levels
- X-rays to detect fractures or bone abnormalities
- CT scans for knee injury to provide detailed imaging
- MRI scans for soft tissue damage
- Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive procedure for direct joint examination
- Mobility test, for assessing the range of motion and functional movement of joints and muscles
It’s crucial to recognise knee injuries with early diagnosis to prevent further joint damage.
When to See a Knee Specialist in Malaysia
Knee injuries can be debilitating, but with proper, timely diagnosis and treatment, individuals can regain mobility and prevent future complications. We invite you to visit one of our knee injury specialists at BTMC if any of the knee injury symptoms provided above describe your condition.
