Pterygium – The exact cause of pterygium is unknown but the condition is understood to develop in individuals who spend prolonged durations outdoors, especially in sunny climates. Exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays and chronic eye irritation from dusty and smoky conditions are common factors among patients.

A pterygium usually appears red with noticeable blood vessels. The overall redness depends on the growth of these abnormal blood vessels. The pterygium can grow in size, spreading across the cornea and distorting the cornea, causing astigmatism and changing the refractive power of the eye.

Pinguecula – Appearing as a yellowish patch or bump on the white of the eye, pinguecula is not a tumour but an alteration of normal tissue resulting in a deposit of protein and fat.

While pingueculas are also known to be present among people who have chronic eye irritation and spend time outdoors, the condition does not grow onto the cornea or threaten sight.

What are the signs and symptoms of pterygium and pinguecula?

Most cases of pinguecula or early pterygium are dismissible. However, if the condition worsens to include inflammation, patients may experience slight pain, discomfort or irritation and itchiness in the eye. Some may also experience a gritty or burning feeling in the eye.

For serious cases of pterygium where its size encroaches onto the cornea, not only is the curvature of the cornea altered but vision is hampered. The conditions can be present in one or both eyes.

Adults and the elderly are more likely to develop pterygium and pinguecula due to extended exposure to the trigger factors.

What are the treatments for pterygium and pinguecula?

Eyedrops or ointments are used to help reduce the inflammation of both pterygium and pinguecula.

In cases when the pterygium grows too large and threatens sight or grows too rapidly, an ophthalmologist may suggest eye surgery to remove the abnormal tissue from the sclera and cornea.

Even with surgical removal, there is a possibility of recurrence for pterygiums, especially among patients who continue to have prolonged exposure to UV radiation.

How do I prevent pterygium and pinguecula?

Although UV rays and dusty and smoky conditions are the main risk factors for these eye conditions, it does not mean that Malaysians cannot go outside. Certain precautions should be taken to help reduce the risk or to prevent the progression of the disease.

For instance, choose to wear certified sunglasses and wide hats when deciding to spend the day out. There are also various prescription glasses that are able to filter out ultraviolet rays.

Patients must also avoid warm, smoky, windy or dry environments as these can exacerbate dry eyes and cause eye irritation.

It is important to monitor the appearance of the eye and seek help from an eye specialist if there is any change. If there is an existing pterygium or pinguecula, take note of the size, colour and shape.

Should you have any queries on your eye health, make an appointment with Eyecentric at Bukit Tinggi Medical Centre. Staffed by trained professionals and skilled eye experts, Eyecentric conducts comprehensive eye exams to properly diagnose a wide range of eye conditions.